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작성자 담임목사 작성일14-06-03 17:37 댓글4건

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관피아
- 2014. 6. 1 기독교호남신문

여성 언론인 크리스티아 프릴랜드(Chrystia Freeland)가 쓴 『플루토크라트』(Plutocrats)라는 책이 있다. 2012년, 영국의 경제일간지 「파이낸셜 타임스」가 ‘올해 최고의 책’으로 선정했고, 2013년에는 최고의 논픽션에 수여하는 ‘라이오넬 겔버상’을 수상한 책이다.

플루토크라트는 그리스어로 부를 뜻하는 플루토스(plutos)와 권력을 뜻하는 크라토스(kratos)의 합성어다. 우리말로는 금전정치가 내지는 부호정치가쯤 된다. 부와 권력을 함께 가진 부유층이다. 저자는 돈과 권력을 함께 가진 사람들 1%와 그렇지 못한 사람들 99%간의 차이가 점점 더 벌어지고 있음을 지적한다. 그래서 책의 부제는 ‘모든 것을 가진 사람과 그 나머지’다.

플루토크라트가 ‘그 나머지’사람들과의 차이를 벌리는 방법 중 하나가 '인지포획(cognitive state capture)'이다. 쉽게 말하면 이런 것이다. 금융감독기관의 인적구성을 같은 대학(유명대학임) 출신이나 같은 지역 사람으로 채운다. 물론 그들도 출신배경으로는 플루토크라트 가문일 가능성이 높다. 이렇게 되면 그 기관은 공익보다는 자신들의 사익을 추구하기에 용이한 구조가 된다. 법률 제정이나 집행에 있어서 ‘그 나머지’사람들보다 유리해진다.

국가의 요직이나 산하 기관들의 인적 구성이 이런 식으로 이루어진다면 어떻게 될까? 갈수록 사회 양극화는 심해질 것이고 99%의 ‘그 나머지’사람들이 살기는 더 힘들어질 것이다.

세월호 사고를 통해 우리사회에도 플루토크라트가 있다는 사실이 드러나고 있다. 관피아(관료+마피아)가 그들이다. 전직 고위 관료들이 관련단체나 산하기관의 고위직에 포진하고 있다. 금융관련기관만 해도 50%가 관피아라고 한다. 관피아 구조를 척결하라고 지명한 총리후보자는 관피아라는 태생적 한계 때문에 결국 사퇴했다. 그는 국세청 산하기구인 세무조사감독위원장으로 재직하면서 한 기업의 법인세 취소소송 변론을 맡았다. 세무조사를 감독해야 할 사람이 세금 안 내겠다는 기업 편에 선 것이다. 그는 변호사 5개월 만에 16억 원을 벌었다고 한다.

많이 가졌다는 것을 탓하는 것이 아니다. 국민이 부여한 권력으로 사익을 추구하는 것은 옳지 않다는 것을 말하고 싶은 것이다. 권력은 자신의 이익을 위해서가 아니라 국민을 위해 사용되어야 한다. 아합왕은 그 권력으로 나봇의 포도원을 빼앗았다가 하나님의 심판을 받았다. 성경은 말한다. “옛 지계석을 옮기지 말며 고아들의 밭을 침범하지 말지어다 대저 그들의 구속자는 강하시니 그가 너를 대적하여 그들의 원한을 풀어 주시리라”(잠 23:10-11). 여기서 ‘너’는 누구고 ‘그들’은 누구인가? 플루토크라트사회를 사는 우리가 고민하고 기도할 이유다.

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